Cisto gigante de segundo arco branquial em adulto: Relato de caso e revisão de literatura / Giant cyst of the second branchial arch in an adult: case report and literature review

Introdução: Os arcos branquiais são os precursores embriológicos da face, pescoço e faringe. As anomalias dos arcos branquiais são a segunda lesão congênita mais comum de cabeça e pescoço em crianças. Entre essas anomalias, estão os cistos de arcos branquiais (BCC), que surgem devido a uma incorreta obliteração das fendas branquiais, ainda no período embrionário. Os BCC podem ser assintomáticos, apenas percebidos incidentalmente, e não se manifestar até a idade adulta. Resultados: Anomalias do segundo arco branquial devem ser consideradas como um dos possíveis diagnósticos diferenciais de massas cervicais, especialmente as que se manifestam como um abaulamento em região lateral do pescoço. Os BCC são formações de revestimento epitelial, sem aberturas externas. Após seu diagnóstico, o tratamento é cirúrgico, usualmente por meio de uma incisão cervical transversa e cuidadosa dissecação das estruturas, com o objetivo de extirpar toda a lesão. Conclusão: O método descrito, de excisão da lesão, por meio de incisão transversa em região cervical, dissecção tecidual por planos e ressecção de massa cística, é uma opção para o tratamento dessa deformidade, com adequado resultado estético e boa reprodutibilidade.

Introduction: The branchial arches are the embryological precursors of the face, neck, and pharynx. Branchial arch anomalies are the second most common congenital head and neck lesions in children. Among these anomalies are branchial arch cysts (BCC), which arise due to incorrect obliteration of the branchial slits, still in the embryonic period. BCCs may be asymptomatic, only noticed incidentally, and not manifest until adulthood. Results: Anomalies of the second branchial arch should be considered as one of the possible differential diagnoses of neck masses, especially those that manifest as a bulge in the lateral region of the neck. BCCs are epithelial lining formations without external openings. After diagnosis, treatment is surgical, usually through a transverse cervical incision and careful dissection of the structures, with the aim of extirpating the entire lesion. Conclusion: The method described of excision of the lesion through a transverse incision in the cervical region, tissue dissection in planes, and resection of the cystic mass is an option for the treatment of this deformity, with adequate aesthetic results and good reproducibility.

Dermal Matrix Graft Effects on Facial Growth in a Veau-Wardill-Kilner Palatoplasty Model: An Experimental Study in Rats.

The primary goal of palatoplasty is the restoration of normal speech, that can be aimed by, among many procedures, lengthening the palate through the pushback technique; one of its complications is abnormal maxillary growth. The main factor affecting facial growth in CLP patients is believed by many to be the palatoplasty-due to the large scar retraction resulting from some surgical techniques. The non-crosslinked two-layer bioabsorbable collagen matrix Mucograft™ (Geistlich Pharma AG, Wolhusen, Switzerland) is a potential tool to aid in wound closure in a second-intention healing situation.The objective of this work was to test the use of an acellular dermal matrix (Mucograft®) in an experimental model of Veau-Wardill-Kilner palatoplasty, as a tool to reduce scar retraction of the denuded palatine mucosa.Twenty-four 3-week-old male Wistar rats were used. The animals were randomly divided into two groups. In the control group, an excision was made with bone exposure in the palate, simulating the defect left in the Veau-Wardill-Kilner palatoplasty. In the intervention group, the same procedure was performed, and the area of denuded palatine bone was treated with a bioabsorbable collagen matrix (Mucograft®). For data collection, 9 weeks after surgery (12 weeks of life), the animals were euthanized by excessive anesthetic dosage. Maxillary growth, macroscopic appearance of the scar, pain, and bleeding were evaluated.There were significant statistical differences between the groups for palate length growth (7.6 mm + -0.38 mm vs 5.5 mm + -0.36 mm, P = .009) and for palate width growth (1.47 mm + -0.8 mm vs -0.09 mm + -0.55 mm, P = .001), favoring dermal matrix group compared to controls. Whereas for pain and bleeding, there were no differences between the groups.The use of dermal matrix in rats with an area of bone denudation on the palate increases maxillary length and width growth patterns. Besides, it does not increase pain, bleeding, or post-operative complications.

Acquisition of robotic surgical skills does not require laparoscopic training: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Robotic surgery is a valid option for minimally invasive surgery in most surgical specialties. However, the need to master laparoscopy is questionable before starting specific training in robotic surgery. We compared the development of basic robotic surgery skills between individuals randomized to train in conventional, laparoscopic, or robotic skills. METHODS: We conducted a single-centered, single-blinded randomized trial. Medical students were randomly assigned to 20 h of conventional, laparoscopic, or robotic surgical training. Students with previous surgical experience were excluded. Participants were evaluated pre- and post-training on the dV-Trainer robotic surgical simulator with the following exercises: Camera Targeting 1, Peg Board 1, Ring and Rail 1, and Ring and Rail 2. RESULTS: Sixty-six students were randomly assigned to each training group. Eight individuals did not complete the study (2 in the conventional group, 3 in the laparoscopic group, and 3 in the robotic group). All groups demonstrated significant improvement in the composite score and in each task following the training period (p < 0.001). No differences were seen between the conventional and laparoscopic groups in the composite score or individual tasks. The robotic group showed greater improvement in number of errors, economy of motion, workspace utilization, and time for completion compared to the other groups. The laparoscopic group showed improved camera manipulation skills compared to the conventional group, while the conventional group showed improved errors and economy of motion compared to the laparoscopic group. CONCLUSION: There was no difference in the acquisition of basic robotic surgical skills between individuals trained in basic conventional or laparoscopic surgical skills. We believe surgeons mastery in laparoscopy is not needed before initiating robotic surgical training. However, basic principles of laparoscopy remain applicable to robotic surgery. Future studies should compare transferability of conventional and laparoscopic training to robotic skills in the operating room.

Reconstrução do antebraço com matriz dérmica acelular após excisão de neurofibroma plexiforme gigante: relato de casos / Forearm reconstruction with acellular dermal matrix after giant plexiform neurofibroma excision: case reports

Introdução: O neurinoma plexiforme gigante é um neuroectoderma e uma doença hereditária. É um tumor cutâneo incomum associado à NF1, caracterizado como um tumor benigno da bainha do nervo periférico envolvendo múltiplos fascículos nervosos. Os objetivos da reconstrução da cobertura do antebraço são proteger as estruturas que vão até o punho e a mão e evitar cicatrizes que levem à perda de movimento. Tanto o antebraço quanto a mão desempenham papéis funcionais e sociais. O manejo bem-sucedido de feridas complexas é necessário para a reabilitação funcional geral desses pacientes. Relato do Caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, 31 anos, apresentou-se na divisão de cirurgia plástica com neurofibroma plexiforme gigante no antebraço direito. Após ressecção cuidadosa, todos os tendões anteriores do antebraço foram expostos. O defeito foi coberto com Pelnac T enxertável (espessura de 3mm e tamanho 12 X 24cm2), fixados com pontos monocryl 4-0. Após 10 dias, a matriz dérmica acelular foi removida e um enxerto de malha de pele de espessura parcial foi colocado. No dia 7, a matriz dérmica acelular apresentou bons sinais de ingestão. No dia 17, observamos uma sobrevida do enxerto de 95%. No seguimento de 3 meses, a reconstrução estava estável, sem defeitos de contorno, a mão apresentava amplitude de movimento completa e o paciente não apresentava problemas nas atividades diárias. Conclusões: A matriz dérmica acelular parece ser uma opção útil na cobertura de defeitos complexos no antebraço, permitindo menor morbidade e rápida recuperação funcional.

Introduction: Giant plexiform neurinoma is a neuroectoderm and inherited disease. It is an uncommon skin tumor associated with NF1, characterized as a benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor surrounding multiple nervous fascicles. The goals of forearm coverage reconstruction are to protect the structures running to the wrist and hand and prevent scarring that leads to movement loss. Both forearm and hand play functional and social roles. Successful management of complex wounds is necessary for the overall functional rehabilitation of these patients. Case Report: A 31-year-old woman presented at the plastic surgery division with a giant plexiform neurofibroma in the right forearm. After careful resection, all anterior forearm tendons were exposed. The defect was covered with graftable Pelnac T (thickness of 3mm and sizing 12 X 24cm2), fixed with 4-0 monocryl sutures. After 10 days, the acellular dermal matrix silicone layer was removed, and a split-thickness skin meshed graft was placed. On day 7, the acellular dermal matrix showed good signs of intake. On day 17, we observed a 95% graft survival. At the 3-month follow-up, reconstruction was stable without contouring defects, the hand had full range of motion, and the patient had no problems in daily activities. Conclusions: Acellular dermal matrix appears to be a useful option in covering complex defects in the forearm, allowing for less morbidity and rapid functional recovery.

Reconstrução palpebral dinâmica com transferência do músculo temporal: relato de caso / Dynamic eyelid reconstruction with temporal muscle transfer: a case report

■ RESUMO Os defeitos na região palpebral são causados principalmente por excisões cirúrgicas de neoplasias cutâneas. Os objetivos da reconstrução palpebral estão fundamentados na restauração da funcionalidade desta unidade anatômica para manter a proteção ocular e a recuperação de uma aparência normal devido à importância crítica da região periocular na estética facial. O reparo dos defeitos palpebrais começa com uma cuidadosa avaliação dos componentes anatômicos que têm sido ressecados e precisam ser reconstruídos; a extensão e a localização do defeito guiarão a reconstrução. Grandes defeitos comprometendo a totalidade da espessura palpebral são um desafio para os cirurgiões plásticos. Milhares de técnicas cirúrgicas têm sido descritas para a reconstrução de defeitos palpebrais de espessura total; apresentamos neste artigo a descrição de um caso de reconstrução dinâmica da pálpebra com associação de um retalho frontal com transposição do músculo temporal após ressecção de um carcinoma basocelular infiltrativo recidivado.

■ ABSTRACT Surgical excisions of skin neoplasms mainly cause defects in the eyelid region. The objectives of eyelid reconstruction are based on the restoration of this anatomical unit's functionality to maintain eye protection and recovery from a normal appearance due to the critical importance of the periocular region in facial aesthetics. Repair of eyelid defects begins with a careful evaluation of the anatomical components that have been resected and need to be reconstructed; the extent and location of the defect will guide the reconstruction. Large defects compromising the entire body thickness are a challenge for plastic surgeons. Thousands of surgical techniques have been described for the reconstruction of total thickness eyelid defects; we present in this article the description of a case of dynamic eyelid reconstruction with an association of a frontal flap with temporal muscle transposition after resection of a recurrent infiltrative basal cell carcinoma.

Transabdominal Breast Augmentation With Silicone Gel Implants.

BACKGROUND: Breast augmentation is frequently performed together with abdominoplasty. Although breast augmentation incisions generally heal well, patients almost universally will appreciate having fewer scars; this is the basic rationale for transabdominal breast augmentation. In addition, a transabdominal approach may decrease the risk of implant contamination because there is no contact of the implants with skin. METHODS: A chart review of the senior author's private practice, from 2012 to 2020, was performed; 68 female patients who underwent abdominoplasty in association with transabdominal breast augmentation, with at least 1 year of follow-up, were included. All patients underwent liposuction, standard abdominoplasty with wide suprafascial abdominal flap undermining, and liposuction of the abdominal flap as needed. Round, silicone gel implants (Mentor Siltex, Santa Monica, CA) were used. RESULTS: A total of 68 patients were operated on. Mean age was 49 years (range, 25-68 years), mean body mass index was 25.7 kg/m2 (range, 22.3-29.5 kg/m2). The most commonly used implant volume (mode) was 270 mL (range, 225-395 mL). Implants were high (75%) or ultrahigh profile (25%). Eight patients (15%) had previously undergone breast augmentation. Seven patients (12%) underwent simultaneous breast fat grafting. There were no major complications. There were no complications related to the breast augmentation (ie, no extrusion or infection, malposition requiring revision, or capsular contracture). No patients requested upsizing or other revision of their implants.With regard to the abdominoplasty, there were 4 cases of well-circumscribed seroma treated with serial aspiration in the office. There were no cases of abdominoplasty site infection. Five patients required revision of abdominoplasty incisions. Two patients requested revision liposuction after weight gain. CONCLUSIONS: Breast augmentation through an abdominoplasty incision may incur benefits beyond the obvious single surgical scar. Overall, transabdominal breast augmentation, in adequately selected patients, is an option which is safe, does not increase operative time, can lead to good results, and may potentially decrease some complications related to breast augmentation through other incision sites.

Nanofat injector: dispositivo descartável de baixo custo para padronização e otimização do tempo de enxertia / Nanofat injector: a low-cost disposable device for standardization and optimization of grafting time

Introdução: O enxerto de gordura nano melhora a qualidade da pele nos danos secundários ao envelhecimento e nas sequelas cicatriciais. Apresentamos resultados iniciais do enxerto de gordura nano com o uso de um dispositivo descartável de baixo custo propondo uma padronização da sua utilização conforme a área a ser tratada. Métodos: Foi realizada uma coorte prospectiva de julho de 2019 a março de 2020. O critério de inclusão foi pacientes que realizaram enxerto de gordura nano para tratamento da pele. Já o critério de exclusão foi a realização prévia de algum tratamento invasivo da pele. Foram analisadas 20 pacientes consecutivas que preencheram os pré-requisitos. Os resultados foram avaliados no 6º mês de pós-operatório. As pacientes responderam um questionário, classificando de 1 - muito ruim a 10 - excelente, as alterações na qualidade da pele. Resultados: As vinte pacientes acompanhadas não apresentaram nenhuma complicação pós-operatória. O edema após aplicação reduziu entre três e sete dias. Não houve hematoma nem infecção. As pacientes que realizaram somente enxerto de gordura nano, sem outra cirurgia associada, conseguiram voltar às suas atividades após 24 horas. Os escores relatados pelas pacientes com 6 meses foram entre 7 e 10, com média de 8. Conclusão: A utilização do sistema Smartneedle™ para a enxertia de gordura nano apresenta resultados na satisfação das pacientes semelhante aos outros métodos de aplicação e permite uma distribuição uniforme e padronizada do enxerto conforme a região anatômica, além de otimizar o tempo cirúrgico.

Introduction: Nanofat graft improves skin quality in damage secondary to aging and scar sequelae. We present the initial results of the nanofat graft using a low-cost disposable device, proposing a standardization of its use according to the area to be treated. Methods: A prospective cohort was conducted from July 2019 to March 2020. The inclusion criterion was patients who underwent nanofat grafting for skin treatment. The exclusion criterion was the previous performance of some invasive treatment of the skin. Twenty consecutive patients who met the prerequisites were analyzed. The results were evaluated in the 6th postoperative month. The patients answered a questionnaire, classifying from 1 - very bad to 10 - excellent, changes in skin quality. Results: The twenty patients followed did not present any postoperative complications. Edema after the application was reduced between three and seven days. There was no hematoma or infection. Patients who underwent only nanofat grafting without another associated surgery could return to their activities after 24 hours. The scores reported by patients at 6 months were between 7 and 10, with a mean of 8. Conclusion: The use of the Smartneedle™ system for nanofat grafting presents patient satisfaction similar to other application methods and allows a uniform and standardized distribution of the graft according to the anatomical region and optimizing surgical time

O pioderma gangrenoso como diagnóstico diferencial de complicações isquêmicas e infecciosas após abdominoplastia: um relato de caso / Pyoderma gangrenosum as a differential diagnosis of ischemic and infectious complications after abdominoplasty: a case report

Introdução: A abdominoplastia é um procedimento com índice considerável de complicações, ainda que, em sua maioria, de bom prognóstico. Algumas complicações, entretanto, podem ser catastróficas, como a necrose extensa de pele e as complicações infecciosas graves. Dentre as causas incomuns de perda extensa de pele no pós-operatório, podemos citar o pioderma gangrenoso (PG), doença de curso crônico, recidivante, com comportamento imprevisível e de etiologia ainda desconhecida. No âmbito da cirurgia plástica, essa doença pode mimetizar clinicamente complicações pós-operatórias isquêmicas ou infecciosas, cujos tratamentos diferem por completo do tratamento do PG. Relato de Caso: Paciente feminina, 41 anos, previamente hígida, foi submetida à abdominoplastia associada à lipoaspiração e mamoplastia de aumento com colocação de próteses mamárias. Evoluiu com edema, calor hiperemia e dor em incisão de abdominoplastia, além de comprometimento clínico sistêmico. Submetida a desbridamentos cirúrgicos e tratamento sistêmico, com piora progressiva das lesões. Diante do insucesso dos tratamentos propostos, aventada a hipótese diagnóstica de pioderma gangrenoso. Conclusão: O PG, apesar de raro, deve ser aventado como diagnóstico diferencial em casos de complicações pós-operatórias com perda e necrose de pele que não respondem às medidas iniciais de tratamento, além de quadros aparentemente infecciosos que não respondem às terapias antibióticas adotadas.

Introduction: Abdominoplasty is a procedure with a considerable rate of complications, even though, for the most part, it has a good prognosis. Some complications, however, can be catastrophic, such as extensive skin necrosis and serious infectious complications. Among the unusual causes of extensive skin loss in the postoperative period, we can mention gangrenous pyoderma (PG), a chronic, recurrent disease with unpredictable behavior and an unknown etiology. In the field of plastic surgery, this disease can clinically mimic ischemic or infectious postoperative complications, whose treatments differ completely from the treatment of PG. Case Report: A 41-year-old female patient, previously healthy, underwent abdominoplasty associated with liposuction and breast augmentation with the placement of breast implants. The patient evolved with edema, hyperemia and pain in an abdominoplasty incision, in addition to systemic clinical involvement. She was submitted to surgical debridement and systemic treatment, with progressive worsening of the lesions. In view of the failure of the proposed treatments, the diagnostic hypothesis of gangrenous pyoderma was raised. Conclusion: PG, although rare, should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of postoperative complications with skin loss and necrosis that do not respond to initial treatment measures, in addition to apparently infectious conditions that do not respond to adopted antibiotic therapies.

Muscle-Splitting Transaxillary Revision Breast Augmentation-A Single Surgeon's Experience.

BACKGROUND: Well discussed in a previous article published by the senior author, primary transaxillary breast augmentation drawbacks include the need to correct complications arising from reuse of the axillary incision which the literature is sparse on. We here discuss a technique in patients who underwent a secondary transaxillary breast augmentation procedure. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to present a technique for transaxillary revision breast augmentation with conversion to a muscle-splitting plane which has the advantage of good upper and medial pole coverage and adequate lower pole expansion. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of 41 women with previous silicone gel implants placed through a transaxillary incision who presented with rippling or a desire for larger implants (January 2016-July 2020). Inclusion criteria were age 18 years or older and having undergone breast augmentation surgery. Exclusion criteria were active smoking and body mass index (BMI) greater than 30 kg/m2. At one year postoperatively patients were asked a "yes or no" question regarding satisfaction with the overall result and with the scar quality. RESULTS: A total of 41 patients were included in this study; no patients were excluded. The patients' age ranged from 32 to 47 years, the average being 38 years old. All participants were female. Mean BMI was 21.9 kg/m2 and all patients had a pinch test <2cm. Indications for surgery included rippling (all patients) and a desire for larger implant size (n = 5). Size of new implants ranged from 325cc to 430cc; all were of a larger size than those used in the primary surgery. Operative time was on average 53 min. [4483 min.]. Mean follow-up was 13 months, ranging from 12 to 15 months. There was no additional cost related to operative time. Regarding patient satisfaction, 100% replied they were pleased with the overall results and scar quality. There were no major complications. CONCLUSION: The transaxillary approach for muscle splitting breast augmentation revision surgery offers a safe and reproducible technique. Despite having a mean follow-up of only 13 months, we demonstrate a low rate of complication as well as high degree of patient satisfaction with no extra cost when compared to other techniques. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Breast Implants Follow-up: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study on Patients Submitted to MRI Breast Examinations.

INTRODUCTION: Breast implants follow-up with any type of examination is often neglected; this may cause an error or delay in the diagnosis of complications prosthesis-related such as BIA-ALCL. This study aims to better understand adequate follow-up criteria. METHOD: All female patients undergoing aesthetic breast augmentation and breast MRI in its follow-up conducted from April 2006 to December 2019 were included in this study. The variables analyzed were age, breast implant surgery date, time with the implant, reason for the examination, and the final examination report. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to search for the predictors of positive findings in MRI. A Cox Regression analysis and cumulative risk curves, controlled by age, was performed to investigate the relationship between time with implants and the risk of positive findings in MRI. RESULTS: The patients submitted to MRI had complaints in 29.6% of cases, with pain being the most common, 13.9% of cases. In logistic regression analysis, time with the implant was associated with a higher risk of positive findings in univariate analysis (OR = 1.07, p = 0.036), but not in multivariate analysis. Both pain and breast form changes were independent predictors for positive findings in MRI, OR = 2.79, p = 0.04, and OR = 16.98, p < 0.001, respectively. The cumulative risk of positive findings in MRI increased considerably only after 10 years of implantation. CONCLUSIONS: Time with breast implants may be associated with a higher risk of changes in breast MRI examinations, although this relationship was not significant in multivariate logistic regression analysis. The cumulative risk for positive findings seems to increase considerably only after 10 years of implantation. This study draws attention to the paramount importance of follow-up with a clinical breast examination. Despite time with implants or patients' age, both pain and breast form changes were the most important predictors for MRI alterations. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Otoplasty: Rasps or Puncture Needles? A Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: Up to 25% of otoplasties can lead to complications, indicating the need for technical refinement. Stenström's anterior auricular cartilage scoring is used in combination with Mustardé's technique to treat the antihelix deformity in several series, with good results. Both can be performed with different instruments such as rasps or puncture needles. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to compare the use of puncture needles and rasps for anterior cartilage scoring in otoplasty. The association of Stenström and Mustardé were the basic technique. Anatomical and aesthetic endpoints were assessed. We also reviewed postoperative complications. METHODS: Forty-two patients with prominent ears and no previous surgery were randomly assigned needle or rasps technique. They were operated on by the first-year plastic surgery resident in the years of 2014 and 2019. The patients were followed up and reviewed at days 2 and 15, as well as 1, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. The endpoints were evaluated through pre- and postoperative photographs by four experienced plastic surgeons unaware of the techniques used in each case. Patient satisfaction was searched by a "yes" or "no" question. Surgical time and postoperative edema were evaluated in 20 patients (2014 group). RESULTS: There were no statistical differences between the groups in terms of overall results, symmetry, antihelix shape or cartilage fracture. Ninety-five percent of the patients were satisfied with the outcome. The needle technique resulted in less postoperative edema and shorter surgical time. CONCLUSION: Anterior cartilage scoring used in combination with posterior mattress sutures to treat poorly formed antihelical fold has good and similar results when performed with rasps or puncture needles, even in unexperienced hands. The needle has the advantage of leading to a comparable surgical time and less postoperative edema, while not requiring any special surgical instrument. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these evidence-based medicine ratings, please refer to the table of contents or the online instructions to authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Manejo da orelha constricta: abordagem do serviço de cirurgia plástica do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brasil / Management of constricted ear: plastic surgery service approach at the Hospital of Clinics in Porto Alegre, Brazil

Introdução: A prevalência de malformações da orelha chega a 5% quando considerada toda a população mundial. Primariamente descrita em 1975 a orelha constricta representa um grupo de deformidades envolvendo o terço superior da cartilagem auricular com características em comum. O impacto estético e o estigma social dessas deformidades podem levar a danos psicológicos ao paciente quando não corrigidos. Métodos: Descrevemos a seguir a técnica utilizada no serviço de cirurgia plástica do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Resultados: O resultado pode ser evidenciado com 30 dias de pós-operatório. Conclusão: O método descrito, de reacomodação da cartilagem, é uma opção para o tratamento dessa deformidade com adequado resultado estético.

Introduction: The prevalence of ear malformations reaches 5% when considering the entire world population. Primarily presented in 1975, the constricted ear represents a group of deformities of the upper third of the auricular cartilage with common features. The aesthetic impact and social stigma of these deformities can cause psychological harm to the patient when not corrected. Methods: We describe below the technique used in the plastic surgery department of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Results: Result can be evidenced with 30 days postoperatively. Conclusion: The described method, cartilage resettlement, is an option for treatment of this deformity with adequate aesthetic result.

Simastia pós-mamoplastia de aumento com implantes de silicone: tratamento com suturas de adesão / Symmastia after augmentation mammoplasty with silicone implants: treatment with quilting sutures

Introdução: A mamoplastia de aumento é o procedimento cirúrgico estético mais realizado nos EUA e o segundo no Brasil. Simastia é uma de suas possíveis complicações. Esta é definida como o mal posicionamento medial dos implantes mamários, que cruzam a linha média, com perda do sulco intermamário. Métodos: Trabalho tipo série de casos. Duas pacientes foram submetidas à correção de simastia pósmamoplastia de aumento. A via de acesso utilizada foi a incisão inframamária prévia. A correção do sulco intermamário foi realizada por escarificação das superfícies anterior e posterior da cápsula, associada a pontos de adesão com fio monofilamentar não absorvível (4 linhas com 6 pontos cada, compreendendo uma faixa vertical de aproximadamente 4 cm de largura na região pré-esternal). Em um dos casos o implante foi recolocado imediatamente e, no outro, em procedimento realizado 3 meses após. Resultados: Obtivemos um novo sulco intermamário satisfatório, com adequado resultado estético em ambos os casos. Não se observou recorrência após 9 e 11 meses de observação. Conclusões: A abordagem com suturas de adesão para a redefinição do sulco intermamário foi efetiva para o tratamento da simastia pós-mamoplastia de aumento.

Introduction: Augmentation mammoplasty is the most commonly performed esthetic surgical procedure in the United States and second in Brazil. Symmastia is one of its possible complications. This is defined as incorrect medial positioning of the breast implants, which cross the midline, losing the intermammary sulcus. Methods: Work type, series of cases. Two patients underwent symmastia repair after breast augmentation. The access route used was the previous inframammary incision. The repair of the intermammary sulcus was performed by scarification of the anterior and posterior capsule surfaces, associated with adhesion suture with non-absorbable monofilament threat (4 lines with 6 points each, comprising a vertical band of approximately 4 cm wide in the presternal region). In one of the cases, the implant was immediately replaced, and in the other, the procedure was done 3 months later. Results: In both cases, we obtained a new satisfactory intermammary sulcus, with proper esthetic result. No recurrence was observed on follow-ups at 9 and 11 months. Conclusions: The approach with adhesion sutures to redefine the intermammary sulcus was effective in the treatment of symmastia after breast augmentation.

Obstrução intestinal aguda / Acute intestinal obstruction

Obstrução intestinal tem sua sintomatologia de acordo com o local em que ocorre a interrupção do fluxo intestinal. O diagnóstico é baseado em anamnese, exame físico e exames complementares de imagem. O tratamento é feito conforme a etiologia específica e pode ser tanto conservador quanto cirúrgico.

Intestinal obstruction symptomatology varies according to the place in which the gastrointestinal flow is interrupted. The diagnosis is based on anamnesis, physical examination and imaging. Treatment is performed according to the specific etiology and can be either conservative or surgical.

Descrição de um modelo prático para o aprendizado do acesso venoso periférico por estudantes de medicina e enfermagem / Description of a practical model for learning of peripheral venous access by students of medicine and nursing

Objetivos: Descrever um modelo didático de acesso venoso periférico, simples e de baixo custo, desenvolvido pela Liga do Trauma da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, que visa à aquisição de habilidades pelo estudante/profissional da saúde.Métodos: Para reproduzir a via periférica de acesso utilizamos um garrote de borracha, simulando uma veia, com uma extremidade em fundo cego, inserida em uma luva de látex preenchida com estopa de algodão. A outra extremidade foi conectada a uma bolsa de solução parenteral contendo 500 ml de soro fisiológico acrescido de corante, para simular sangue, através de equipos de infusão. A bolsa foi instalada em um suporte mais alto que a luva, facilitando a ação da gravidade. Com o regulador de fluxo completamente aberto, cria-se uma pressão através da presença do ar com o líquido dentro dos equipos de infusão e do garrote. A primeira punção com o cateter serve para retirar o ar de dentro das cânulas, o que permite a realização do procedimento.Resultados: A punção, realizada de forma adequada, ocasiona o refluxo do sangue artificial por dentro do cateter, ao contrário do que acontece quando há transfixação do garrote de borracha. Isso simula uma situação real de punção venosa, pois a pressão hidrostática no garrote é análoga à encontrada em uma veia.Conclusões: A descrição do modelo permite sua reprodutibilidade de maneira fácil, já que o mesmo utiliza materiais baratos e de fácil acesso. O modelo propicia a familiarização inicial com o procedimento, facilitando a prática no paciente ou em modelos mais sofisticados, ainda indispensáveis para o aprimoramento da técnica...

Aims: To describe a simple and low cost model of peripheral venous access, developed by the Trauma League of Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, which aims acquiring new skills by the health student/professional.Methods: In order to simulate the peripheral access via, we used a rubber tourniquet, which ended in a blind end, simulating a vein, inserted on a latex glove full of fill material. The other extremity was connected to a bag of parenteral solution containing 500 ml of physiologic serum with dye, to simulate blood, through infusion equipos. The bag was hanged higher than the glove, making the gravity laws work. With the flow meter completely open, a pressure is created by the presence of air with liquid inside the infusion equipos and the tourniquet. The first puncture with the catheter takes out the air inside the cannulas, which allows the procedure to be done properly.Results: The puncture, when done properly, causes the artificial blood to reflow into the puncture catheter, which does not happen when the rubber tourniquet is transfixed. This simulates a real life situation of venous puncture, because the hydrostatic pressure inside the tourniquet is analogous to that found in a vein.Conclusions: The description of the didactic model allows its reproducibility in an easy way, since the required materials are cheap and easily available. The model provides the initial familiarity with the procedure, making it easier to practice in the patient or in more sophisticated models, indispensable for the improvement of the technique...